An underactive thyroid ( hypothyroidism ) is a common condition particularly in women and is most commonly caused by Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Hypothyroidism can also be the result of previous treatment with surgery or radioactive iodine.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune condition also known as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. Is is characterised by antibodies that attack the thyroid gland causing inflammation and destruction with a reduction in the production of thyroid hormones. It is diagnosed by demonstrating elevated anti thyroid and anti thyroid peroxidase antibody levels on blood tests. Overall incidence of this condition is 1.5 in every 1000 people. It is 8 to 15 times more common in women.
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis does not require surgery unless there is a coexistant thyroid problem such as nodules. It is treated with thyroxine when thyroid levels reach levels below normal.